‘Colonial Tibet Syndrome’

Indigenous Canadian Alden C. Mayfield, formerly a professor at Hallym University, writes in the KT that the real reason the West refuses to move against China for its behavior in Tibet is the West’s own colonial history:

Isn’t it nice to see such nations as Australia, Britain, Canada, the EU, New Zealand, the U.S., and others urging China to show self-restraint on disenfranchised Tibetans.

However, it isn’t surprising that these nations didn’t threaten any Olympic boycott, economic sanctions or military action.

Why is it that these former (some present) colonial powers are reluctant to condemn China? Perhaps it is the billions tied up in contracts with China Inc.? Or China is a rising military superpower that other nations are afraid of her?

Why are these nations calling for self-restraint when they know China will violently suppress this latest Tibetan headache? A plausible scenario is that these Western nations are suffering from the historical disease known as CTS: Colonial Tibet Syndrome.

If these former (present) colonial powers condemn China, they would undermine their own colonial policies toward their own indigenous peoples; they would embolden their indigenous groups’ struggle for political self-determination.

The rest is an examination of all the mean things the evil pale faces did to the rest of the world, all of it undoubtedly true. And all of this would explain why the West has stood by and did nothing in Bosnia, Kosovo, East Timor, Iraqi Kurdistan and former Russian/Soviet colonies like Georgia, Ukraine and the Baltic states.

Oh, wait…

19 Comments

  1. dokdoforever your flag
    Posted April 2, 2008 at 11:17 am | Permalink

    That’s right! The west would be forced to give up its colonies in Africa and Asia.. Nice idea, but about 40 years too late. He was probably closer to the mark when he mentioned Chinese economic and military power.

  2. Janus your flag
    Posted April 2, 2008 at 12:54 pm | Permalink

    China pursues calculated irrationality and broad centralization of the affairs of commerce, nation, and state. They are able to make economically irrational linkage between issues. (”hurt china’s feelings and we’ll ban your goods from the china market”)

    No modern, mature country can make that threat. Only the giant baby monster that is China can do that. If only we’d learn to stop feeding it.

    It all goes back to the Empire’s original strategy of ‘playing the barbarians off one another’ and we are falling for it.

  3. SomeguyinKorea your flag
    Posted April 2, 2008 at 1:21 pm | Permalink

    Since he’s Canadian, he should have also considered the fact that China buys our silence. The Canadian economy is doing quite well nowadays thanks to China competing with the US for our resources.

  4. Colonel Kilgore your flag
    Posted April 3, 2008 at 1:01 am | Permalink

    Grossly over-simplistic. I think guilt is the last thing Bush or Cheney would have commenting on anything.

    He might want to add…

    -World Trade
    -International investment
    -Possible heightened tensions between West and China
    -Need for stability
    -Respect as a world power
    -Moral authority (check)
    -Etc…

  5. Netizen Kim your flag
    Posted April 3, 2008 at 6:32 am | Permalink

    Why They Hate China
    Well, you have to hate someone…
    by Justin Raimondo

    China’s continuing crackdown on Tibetan pro-independence protesters is a big, big issue here in San Francisco. Why, just the other day, I was coming out my front door, and there was one of my neighbors – a very nice woman in her fifties, albeit an archetypal limousine liberal, typical of the breed. So typical that she might almost be mistaken for a living, breathing, walking, talking cliché. She hates George W. Bush and the neocons because she’s against the (Iraq) war, but she’s eager to “liberate” Darfur – and, lately, Tibet. That morning, as she earnestly informed me, she was on her way to a meeting of the Board of Supervisors (our town council) to exhort them to vote for a resolution condemning the Chinese government’s actions and calling for “freedom” for Tibet. What she doesn’t realize, and doesn’t want to know, is that she and the neocons – the very ones who brought us the Iraq war – are united on the Tibet issue. I tried, in vain, to point this out to her, but she just shook her head, cut the conversation short, and was on her way…

    As it turned out, the supervisors voted for a meaningless, toothless resolution, stripped of provocative rhetoric, much to the dismay of the far-lefties who argued for a stronger statement. The initiative for this effort was made by supervisor Chris Daly, an obnoxious left-liberal with delusions of grandeur, whose pose of self-righteousness is both grating and characteristic of his sort.

    Prior to the vote on the Daly resolution, which was vociferously supported by the supposedly pacifistic supporters of the Dalai Lama, the Chinese consulate was… firebombed. This is what the War Party would like to do to China.

    Fortunately, there are a number of restraining factors that get in the way: in the meantime, however, our preening politicians demagogue the China issue, and none so brazenly as Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, my congressional representative, who is merely Chris Daly writ large. Traveling all the way to India, at taxpayers’ expense, Madam Speaker visited with the Dalai Lama at Dharamsala and announced that if Americans don’t speak out against Beijing’s repression in Tibet “we have lost all moral authority to speak on behalf of human rights anywhere in the world.”

    Pelosi is a longtime opponent of Beijing – not just the Chinese government, but China itself. Pelosi and the unions she depends on for political support despise all things Chinese for the simple reason that China, today, is more capitalist than the U.S. – in spite of the Chinese Communist Party’s ostensible commitment to Marxist ideology. Thinly veiled racist-chauvinist bilge is routinely directed at the Chinese people by union bosses and right-wing paleo-protectionists, who stupidly claim that the “chinks” (or, as John McCain would put it, the “gooks”) are stealing “American jobs” – as if Americans have a hereditary right to the very best salaries on earth, a “right” that doesn’t have to be earned by competitive business practices but is conferred on them by virtue of their nationality. Like hell it is.

    Lucrative trade and cultural exchanges between China and California, as well as the fact that many Chinese in her congressional district have continuing ties to the mainland, have – so far – failed to deter Pelosi and her fellow Know-Nothings: politics, as they used to say during the Cultural Revolution in China, is in command.

    These Sinophobic protests, engineered behind the scenes by leftist union bosses and God knows who else, are focused on the passing of the Olympic torch, which is slowly but surely making its way to Beijing, where the games are scheduled to be held Aug. 8-24. Here in the Bay Area, activists in the “Free Darfur” movement announced they were mounting demonstrations urging China to “extinguish the flames of genocide” in Darfur in San Francisco on April 9, the day the flame passes through the city.

    The hosting of the Olympic Games in Beijing is the focus of much pride in China, seen by the people as well as the ruling caste as symbolic of the nation’s arrival in modernity. As such, the worldwide protests and political posturing of preening politicians – from Pelosi to Nicolas Sarkozy – are bitterly resented and have been met with increasingly shrill denunciations by the Chinese state-controlled media – a sentiment that probably understates popular resentment of Western criticism in the Chinese “street.”

    I know we are supposed to believe that the vast majority of the Chinese people are groaning under the weight of Commie oppression and sympathize (albeit silently) with the downtrodden Tibetans, but that is hardly the case. Indeed, the exact opposite is closer to the truth. Every time the West gets up on its high horse and lectures the Chinese government about its lack of “morality,” the tide of anti-Western Chinese nationalism rises higher.

    We saw this when the U.S. “accidentally” bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade during Clinton’s Balkan War of Aggression, and again when that American spy plane went down over Hainan island. In Beijing today, they are worried about the upcoming Olympic celebration, which will provide a platform for a wide variety of groups – including ultra-nationalist Chinese students, whose street antics have augured internal regime change in the past, and could do so again. “They are worried about a larger number of things and they are worried about keeping the lid on,” according to Arnold Howitt, a management specialist who oversees crisis-management training programs for Chinese government officials at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. The same Associated Press article cites an unnamed “consultant” to the Games, who avers:

    “‘Demonstrations of all kinds are a concern, including anti-American demonstrations,’ said the consultant, who works for Beijing’s Olympic organizers and asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to talk to the media.”

    Any indications that Beijing is compromising Chinese pride and honor by appeasing the West are likely to be met by demonstrations that are both anti-American and anti-government – initiated, once again, by Chinese students, who have often been the agents of political transformation. Remember the Red Guards? Mao used them to initiate his own “Cultural Revolution,” but was forced to rein them in when they started talking about overthrowing the Chinese state.

    The memory of that dark and chaotic era haunts China’s contemporary rulers, threatening to spoil their dream of a thoroughly modernized industrial powerhouse that is both the forge and the financial capital of the world economy. The Beijing Olympics represent the entry of China onto the world stage as a first-class power, right up there with its former adversaries: the U.S., Europe, and the former Soviet Union. A Chinese nationalist cannot be faulted for seeing the organized campaign to spoil that debut as a deliberate – and unforgivable – insult.

    Viewed from this perspective – the perspective, that is, of the average citizen of China – the very idea of Tibetan independence might easily be seen as a rather obvious attempt to humiliate Beijing and remind it of its “proper” (i.e., subordinate) place in the global scheme of things.

    After all, what if Chinese government leaders constantly reminded the world that the American Southwest was stolen from Mexico? Imagine the Chinese and Mexican ambassadors to the U.S. demanding independence, for, say, California – or better yet, its return to Mexican sovereignty! Shall the Olympics be forever barred from Puerto Rico, which was forcibly incorporated into the U.S. “commonwealth” in the invasion of 1898?

    Of course not. Yet the Americans and their international amen corner are daring to criticize China for preserving its own unity and sovereignty. It’s a double standard made all the more insufferable by the self-righteous tone of the anti-China chorus, whose meistersingers are mainly concerned with celebrating their own moral purity.

    Yes, Tibet was forcibly incorporated into the Communist empire of the Han, but this was just an episode in the long history of Sino-Tibetan relations – for the greater part of which the Tibetans held the upper hand. The Tibetan empire, at its height, extended from northern India to the Mongolian hinterlands and came at the expense of the conquered Chinese and Uighurs. It fell apart due to a ruinous civil war. A key factor in this complex narrative is that Mongol hegemony over China was greatly aided by the Tibetans, whose conversion of the Mongol nobility to Buddhism legitimized Mongol rule. Today, pro-Beijing historians point to this period as proof that Tibet has “always” been a part of China proper, yet the truth is that both were slaves to the Mongols – the Tibetans as their collaborators, the Chinese as their helots. (Underscoring Mongol contempt for their Chinese subjects was an edict forbidding intermarriage between Mongol and Chinese, although no such barrier to Mongol-Tibetan congress was imposed.) With Buddhism as the state religion, Tibetan priests, including the Dalai Lama, became the avatars of Mongol rule.

    In short, the popular narrative of the pacifistic Buddhist Tibetans as the good guys and the Han Chinese as the bad-guy aggressors is the stuff of pure myth, pushed by union propagandists, lefty Hollywood do-gooders, and trendy sandal-wearing Western camp followers of the Dalai Lama, who has become a secularized yet “spiritual” substitute for Mother Theresa.

    If the Chinese are wrong to hold on to their province of Tibet, then Lincoln was wrong to insist that the South stay in the Union – and we ought to immediately either grant the American Southwest (and California) independence, or else give it all back to the Mexicans.

    The same goes for Taiwan – China’s rulers are no more likely to give up their claim to that island than Lincoln was inclined to let the Confederacy hold on in, say, Key West, Fla.

    China is an adolescent giant: clumsy, unused to exerting its will beyond its borders, and wracked by self-doubt. Emerging into the company of world powers, it is thin-skinned – like any adolescent – and prone to wild mood gyrations. During the 1960s and ’70s, the Chinese were in a distinctly bad mood as they wrestled with the ghosts and demons unleashed by Mao. The triumph of the “modernizers” over the ultra-left Maoists in the 1980s signaled a new mood of optimism and inaugurated an era of unrivaled economic growth. The regime sanctified China’s journey down the “capitalist road” by citing the reformer Deng Tsiao-ping’s most famous “Communist” slogan: “To get rich is glorious!” Ayn Rand meets Chairman Mao (or, rather, Confucius) – and the result is capitalism-on-steroids.

    That’s why, in spite of the sclerotic Marxoid ideology that still reins in and retards the natural entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese people, China is moving forward by leaps and bounds. That’s also why comrade Pelosi and her union boss buddies have launched this odious Sinophobic hate campaign – because “their” jobs and sense of entitlement are going up in smoke. For decades, the U.S. government has preached the virtues of free enterprise and urged formerly Communist nations to adopt the free market – and now that the Chinese have taken them up on their offer, Western politicians are attacking them!

    The closer China has moved toward our own system – relaxing totalitarian controls over the economy and allowing a far greater degree of ideological diversity than was possible during the Maoist era – the more hostile the U.S. government has become. Nixon went to China at the height of the Cultural Revolution, where he sat next to Madam Mao during a command performance of The Red Detachment of Women. These days, however, as China stakes its claim to a proportionate share of the world market – and Chinese investors fund the U.S. debt – the resentment and growing hostility of the Americans is all too palpable.

    Why do politicians of Pelosi’s ilk join hands with neoconservatives in a concerted campaign to antagonize China, and even threaten sanctions and possible military action when the occasion gives rise to the opportunity?

    To begin with, China’s is a success story, and there’s nothing that attracts opprobrium like success, unless it’s success of the wrong color – in this case, yellow. A crude racist collectivism of a specifically anti-Asian character has long been a tradition of the War Party in this country: see the anti-Japanese Dr. Seuss cartoons from the World War II era for a particularly vivid example. Yes, he was attacking the “Japs,” but to Americans, it’s all the same Yellow Peril. This kind of sentiment is easily invoked in America, and don’t tell me Pelosi and her ideological confreres aren’t aware of it – yes, even in “liberal” San Francisco, where anti-Asian sentiment is part of the city’s history.

    Never mind the first black president, or the first female president – what I’m waiting for is the first chief executive of Asian-American descent. I’m not, however, holding my breath…

    Relations with China are cloudy, at best, and those may very well be war clouds gathering on the horizon. The reason is that Sinophobia is a point of unity between the Left and the Right: the union of the Weekly Standard and the AFL-CIO, and perhaps even the majority of my paleoconservative friends, who quail before the rising Chinese giant and see it as a potential threat on account of its sheer scale – a third of the world’s population, and a land-mass that rivals our own. Surely such a stirring titan will knock us out of the way as he takes his place at the center of the world stage.

    This reflects a fundamental error on the part of many conservatives, as well as liberals of the more statist persuasion. They fail to understand that there are no conflicts of interest among nations as long as their relations are governed by the market, that is by mutually beneficial trade agreements voluntarily entered into. Ludwig von Mises said it far better than I could ever manage, and I’ll leave my readers to Mises’ ministrations on this abstruse but important subject.

    Suffice to say here that our relations with China on the economic front are a benefit to American consumers – that is, to all of us. They enable us to buy inexpensive quality products and keep the cost of living down. Protectionists who argue that “they” are “destroying American jobs” are simply arguing for higher prices – ordinarily not a very popular cause, and especially not these days.

    Free trade is the economic precondition for a peaceful world and the logical corollary of a non-interventionist foreign policy. If goods don’t cross borders, then armies soon will – a historical truism noted by many before me, and with good reason. Let it be a warning to all those anti-free trade, antiwar types of the Right as well as the Left – you’ll soon be jumping on the War Party’s bandwagon when it comes China’s turn to play the role of global bogeyman. The way things are going, that day may come soon enough.

    Finally, a word or two about this nonsensical demand, raised by the “Save Darfur” crowd, that China must somehow “extinguish the flames of genocide” supposedly carried out by the government of Sudan. What does China have to do with Sudan and its government? Well, you see, the Chinese have oil interests in the region, that is, they are engaged in competition with Western oil companies in opening up new fields – and, well, that just isn’t permissible.

    The Chinese, we are told, have a moral responsibility to either pressure the Sudanese to let up on Darfur, or else abandon their Sudanese assets. As if Sudan were a Chinese colony, and the Sudanese authorities mere sock-puppets of Beijing.

    A more arrogant and self-serving argument would be hard to imagine. Presumably Western interests will fill the vacuum left by this spontaneous display of Chinese moral rectitude – and that alone should tell us everything we need to know about what’s behind the “Save Darfur” bloviators and their high-horse moralizing.

    If our professional do-gooders of the “progressive” persuasion are so concerned about the fate of Darfur, let them campaign for the granting of mass asylum to the survivors of this latest African catastrophe. Give them sanctuary and green cards, but keep U.S. troops out of Africa, specifically out of Darfur – and get off Beijing’s back.

    Like Russia, China is awakening from the long Leninist nightmare, albeit less traumatically, and with greater prospects for full recovery. However, it wouldn’t take much to push it back into a revival of neo-Maoism – or worse – and a new dark age triggered by an external threat. A resurgence of Chinese ultra-nationalism in response to Western pressure – and the specter of U.S.-sponsored separatism – does not augur well for the cause of world peace. As is so often the case, we are creating the very enemies we fear, empowering and arming them ideologically. We are, in this sense, our own worst enemies.

  6. R. Elgin your flag
    Posted April 3, 2008 at 10:18 am | Permalink

    . . . As is so often the case, we are creating the very enemies we fear, empowering and arming them ideologically. We are, in this sense, our own worst enemies.

    . . . as have the many Western businesses that have eagerly dumped cash into China. Chinese efforts at propaganda are considerable and extensive and it does seem to work well within China, thus it is easy for many to overlook the same colonial evils that the Chinese Communist Party has instigated and the large revisions of history that fuel the sense of territorially legitimacy of China today — so long as the money rolls in.

    Considering its traits and development, both economically and socially, China is — in a perverse sense — America 2.0 and IMHO, that is a sad thing to happen.

  7. Posted April 3, 2008 at 10:24 am | Permalink

    The money’s rolling out, too. FT:

    China has offered export guarantee facilities worth up to $50bn to encourage investment in Nigeria in a bold strategy to woo Africa’s biggest oil producer.

    Sinosure, China’s export credit guarantee agency, made the offer when Umaru Yar’Adua, Nigeria’s president, led a delegation of oil industry and business leaders to Beijing last month.

    Shamsuddeen Usman, Nigeria’s finance minister, told the Financial Times that Sinosure had offered $40bn-$50bn of its facilities to help fund projects in Nigeria over the next three years. The details of specific schemes have yet to be decided.

    “The possibilities are endless,” Dr Usman said. “Which other country has made that kind of money available? Has the UK or America or any one of them? For me this is a sign of real commitment by China.”

    Sinosure was not available for comment on Tuesday.

    Nigerian officials said Chinese companies were keen to invest in railways and the power sector.

    Sinsosure’s offer would support renewed efforts by Beijing to win access to energy resources in Nigeria. Past attempts to offer infrastructure finance in return for oil blocks have foundered.

    Odein Ajumogobia, Nigeria’s petroleum minister, said he had started talks with China about possible Chinese investment in Nigerian refineries or petrochemicals plants, perhaps in return for access to oil blocks.

    “We’re looking to see what’s possible to see how we can conclude an agreement with regards to their interest in the up­stream,” Mr Ajumogobia said. “We’re open to investment by anyone who can assist us.”

    Nigerian officials play down the risk that Sinosure’s offer could saddle the government with debt, saying the offer represents a strategy by Beijing aimed at encouraging Chinese companies to invest in African infrastructure on a commercial basis.

    Sinosure’s brief does not extend to foreigners, which suggests that its insurance line for infrastructure in Nigeria would all go to Chinese companies. Nigerian bankers, however, suggest Sinosure could act as a guarantor for attempts for joint ventures between Chinese and Nigerian companies to raise international capital.

    Sinosure is taking a growing role in China’s drive to engage with Africa, which Beijing sees as vital to its future energy security. The agency is also partnering the China Development Bank, the world’s largest development bank by assets, which Beijing has given the task of funding Africa projects.

  8. ed your flag
    Posted April 3, 2008 at 3:26 pm | Permalink

    It’s obvious the West picks and chooses where it intervenes. You mentioned Bosnia, Kosovo ec. Why didn’t you mention Chechnya? That is the closest analogy to what’s going on in Tibet, only more brutal. However, the West has little more than ‘tsk tsk’ it. Not to mention countries currently experiencing western colonialism (eg. Afganistan and Iraq). Torture, intimidation and drug cultivation are things that Western nations are now tactfully turning a blind eye on in their fledgling “democracies”. So, why should China follow a different set of standards from Russia and the Western world?

  9. colontos your flag
    Posted April 4, 2008 at 3:45 am | Permalink

    Chechnya and Tibet: no comparison whatsoever.

    Not really making value judgments here, just saying that they are wildly different situations for a lot of reasons.

  10. Sonagi your flag
    Posted April 4, 2008 at 6:19 am | Permalink

    It’s obvious the West picks and chooses where it intervenes.

    Thank god for that. We need to be even more selective about which countries we invade in order to liberate.

    To Mr. Cut-and-paste, #5:

    As soon as I saw how long your “comment” was, I scrolled right past. Didn’t even stop to rubberneck.

  11. Posted April 4, 2008 at 8:58 am | Permalink

    Good (if dry and analytical) article that takes a serious look at the case for whether Tibet can be considered part of China or not.

    http://www.columbia.edu/cu/wea.....ssues.html

  12. R. Elgin your flag
    Posted April 4, 2008 at 10:21 am | Permalink

    Here is a good summation of Chinese regarding their own news:

    . . . A young Chinese acquaintance who is a journalist sounded a troubled note in an e-mail message to me: “I read some news reports recently and am confused why the Western media reports on Tibet are inconsistent with the facts? Like they only report on the Chinese police but not the thugs attack the innocent people and the police? And even worse, why are they reporting lot of false and prejudiced news?”

    The irony here, of course, is that Western coverage, whatever its faults, generally detailed the street violence in Lhasa, despite being barred access to Tibet by a country that made a big to-do last year over having supposedly lifted restrictions on the movements of international journalists in China.

    Unlike the heavily controlled domestic press, the Western media also reported on the largely peaceful sympathy protests that unfolded over a broad stretch of the Tibetan plateau. They generally sought to give at least two sides to the story and questioned Beijing’s assertions about Tibetan protesters and about their spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, in the textbook way an independent press should.

    Beyond the headlines, though, this crisis tells us a lot about China, and although the government may still have the means to control opinion, the more strenuously it has pressed its case, the less the picture of the country concurs with the image that China so eagerly wishes to promote of itself to the world.

    China has invested hugely in its hosting of the Olympic Games in August with the idea of introducing itself as an overwhelming success story: increasingly prosperous, harmonious and forward-looking. The first statement is certainly true, but one needn’t be an enemy of China, as the propagandists would have it, to question the other two.

    This may yet turn out to be China’s century, but it seems clearer than ever there’s a lot of work to do, reforming an awfully rickety system, rethinking policies built on bald fictions, such as the “autonomous regions” in China’s west, and learning to deal with criticism without turning it into a matter of ethnic pride or betrayal.

    The official slogan of the Games may be “one world, one dream,” but that’s not the feeling one gets listening to the state’s organs. It is an ugly, wound-nursing nationalism one hears. “So strong,” said the filmmaker Tang, “that there’s almost no introspection, not even among Han intellectuals.”

    I wonder how many Chinese movies will be made, in the future, featuring brave Chinese soldiers fighting hooded Tibetan ninjas and how many fools will end up believing this sort of thing?

  13. Zonath your flag
    Posted April 4, 2008 at 11:12 am | Permalink

    I wonder how many Chinese movies will be made, in the future, featuring brave Chinese soldiers fighting hooded Tibetan ninjas and how many fools will end up believing this sort of thing?

    My guess is the same sort of schmucks that root for John Wayne when watching western movies, or build statues of Kim Yu-shin…

  14. Craig Jones your flag
    Posted April 11, 2008 at 1:30 pm | Permalink

    Our Friends comments that the USA liberated Asian nations is totally skewed. For many decades the US supported Japanes Imperialism in Asia. Despite its bloody rule.

    As for East Timor, it was the USA that armed and supported Indonesian suppression of East Timor self-determination. In fact, on the eve of the East Timor invasion (1978-9), President Gerald Ford asked his puppet Suharto to wait until his entourage left East Timor. In other words, Ford gave tacit, economic, and military approval to the invasion of East Timor.

    In camparison to Cambodia (Killing Fields), Indosia killed half of the East Timor population. Interesting that the US condemned Cambodia but forgot that its close ally Indonesia had killed far more than Pot Pol.

  15. Craig Jones your flag
    Posted April 11, 2008 at 1:39 pm | Permalink

    Adding to Mayfield’s argument of illegal British Invasions: Tibet (circa 1904):
    The Tibetans were aware of the British expedition. To avoid bloodshed the Tibetan general at Yetung pledged that if the Tibetans make no attack upon the British, no attack should be made by the British on them. British Colonel Younghusband on December 6, 1903 replied that “we are not at war with Tibet and that, unless we are ourselves attacked, we shall not attack the Tibetans.” [39]

    Despite the mutual agreement, the British expedition did take the lives of a few thousand unprepared Tibetan soldiers and civilians. The biggest massacre took place on March 31, 1904 at a mountain pass halfway to Gyantse near a village called Guru. Colonel Younghusband tricked the 2,000 Tibetan soldiers guarding the pass into extinguishing the burning ropes of their basic rifles before firing at them with the Maxim machine guns and rifles. The Tibetan casualty, according to Younghusband’s account, was “500 killed and wounded.” [40] Others have claimed that the Tibetan casualty was as high as 1,300.

    In a telegraph to his superior in India, the day after the Tibetan massacre, Younghusband stated: “I trust the tremendous punishment they have received will prevent further fighting, and induce them to at last to negotiate.”

  16. Craig Jones your flag
    Posted April 12, 2008 at 11:02 pm | Permalink

    While Mayfield may seem rather radical, it is very disturbing to see that his critics never confront any of his central arguments: Colonialism is a present reality in the Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA. If Colonialism is a reality in these nations, it is prudent that these nations acknowlege the reality of the present situation. Native Americans in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand still reject the supposed legitimate status of these states. If these states still illegally occupy Native lands, then the present claim to Nation-State is and will always be illegitimate. Ponder the issue.

  17. colontos your flag
    Posted April 13, 2008 at 1:40 am | Permalink

    @16 - I didn’t know there were Native Americans in Australia and New Zealand?

  18. Sonagi your flag
    Posted April 13, 2008 at 4:30 am | Permalink

    @#17:

    :) I almost believed “Craig Jones” was a self-hating Western leftist with sloppy English until I reread that glaring error in terminology no educated native-born citizen of the above-mentioned countries would make.

    滥竽充数, “Craig Jones.”

  19. Craig Jones your flag
    Posted April 14, 2008 at 4:49 pm | Permalink

    Colontus Ignoramus: Indigenous Peoples means for the uneducated simpleton original peoples from illegally occupied lands such as Canada, Australia, USA, and New Zealand. The indigenous peoples from Australia are called “Aborigines.” From Canada and the USA, they are called “Native-Indians.” From New Zealand, they are called Maoris. Instead of attacking me personally why don’t you WHITE folks deal with the issues of present-day colonialism in these nations. And yes, my English is far better than your borrowed crap.

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